Study on Environmental Hazards of Alternatives for PFOS

Choi, Bong-In; Chung, Seon-Yong; Na, Suk-Hyun; Shin, Dong-Soo; Ryu, Byung-Taek; Choi, Bong-In; Chung, Seon-Yong; Na, Suk-Hyun; Shin, Dong-Soo; Ryu, Byung-Taek

doi:2016.38.6.317

The Korean text of this paper can be translated into multiple languages on the website of http://jksee.or.kr through Google Translator.

J Korean Soc Environ Eng > Volume 38(6); 2016 > Article

Original Paper

J Korean Soc Environ Eng 2016;38(6): 317-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2016.38.6.317

PFOS 대체물질의 환경유해성에 관한 연구

최봉인^1,†, 정선용², 나숙현², 신동수³, 유병택¹

¹한국환경공단 환경안전센터
²전남대학교 환경에너지공학과
³창원대학교 화학과

Study on Environmental Hazards of Alternatives for PFOS

Bong-In Choi^1,†, Seon-Yong Chung², Suk-Hyun Na², Dong-Soo Shin³, Byung-Taek Ryu¹

¹Environmental Safety Center, Korea Environmental Corporation, Incheon, Korea
²Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University College of Engineering
³Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University

Corresponding author

Bong-In Choi ,Tel: 032-590-4770, Fax: 032-590-4990, Email: bongin@keco.or.kr

Received: April 12, 2016; Revised: April 20, 2016; Accepted: April 25, 2016. Published online: June 30, 2016.

ABSTRACT

While PFOS sodium salt (C₈F₁₇SO₃Na) was not degraded by microorganisms for 28 days, the 4 alternatives were biodegraded at the rates of 21.6% for C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂S₃O₁₃Na₃, 20.5% for C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂, 15.8% for C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂ and 6.4% for C₁₇F₉H₂₅S₂O₈Na₂, respectively. The acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna was conducted for 48 hours, the half effective concentration (EC₅₀) of PFOS sodium salt (C₈F₁₇SO₃Na) was evaluated in 54.5 mg/L. While the 4 alternatives did not show any effect at 500.0 mg/L. The surface tension of the PFOS salt (C₈F₁₇SO₃Na) is 46.2 mN/m at a concentration of 500.0 mg/L. While the surface tension of the 4 alternatives was found to be superior to PFOS sodium salt (C₈F₁₇SO₃Na). The surface tension of C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂ (20.9 mN/m) has the lowest, followed by C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂ (23.4 mN/m), C₁₇F₉H₂₅S₂O₈Na₂ (27.3 mN/m), C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂S₃O₁₃Na₃ (28.2 mN/m). The four kinds of alternatives (C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂, C₁₇F₉H₂₅S₂O₈Na₂, C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂, C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂S₃O₁₃Na₃) were found to be superior to PFOS sodium salt (C₈F₁₇SO₃Na) in terms of biodegradation, Daphnia sp. acute toxicity and surface tension, and thus they were considered applicable as PFOS alternatives. Especially biodegradation rate of C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂, C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂ and C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂S₃O₁₃Na₃ was relatively high as 15.8~21.6%, and Daphnia sp. acute toxicity and surface tension were considerably superior (surface tension 39~55%) to PFOS sodium salt. Therefore, these alternatives are considered to be available as an alternative of PFOS.

Key Words: Alternatives, Persistent Organic Pollutants, PerFluorOoctaneSulfonic Acid (PFOS)